Weakly Supervised Quantum Error Mitigation

arXiv:2609.25555v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Supervised approaches to quantum error mitigation learn a map from noisy circuit outputs to ideal ones, and therefore require the ideal outputs. Producing those ideal outputs demands noiseless classical simulation, whose cost grows exponentially with system size, so supervision is unavailable in exactly the regime where mitigation matters most. We ask whether cheap, individually unreliable signals drawn from circuit structure and hardware calibration can take the place of ideal labels. We assemble sixteen heuristic labeling functions (stabilizer and parity constraints, relaxation and readout cha